Design Thinking could have really helped to understand the problem customers were facing (They were looking to to study new concepts, but moreover discuss ideas with their peers in class so interactive group learning).

Lean Startup would have helped to avoid the problem of building something people were not looking for (training without Powerpoint),

and Agile could have helped to cut the dev cycle with 50% by just building iteratively.

Gartner introduced a model in 2016 where they connected these three models.

Gartner: Combine Design Thinking, Lean Startup and Agile to Drive Digital Innovation

More information:

• https://www.productpizza.com/combining-design-thinking-with-lean-startup-and-agile/
• https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3941917 (2019)
• https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3200917 (2016)