Things around me aren’t that far per se, but you have to cross a 45mph road (where people regularly drive 55-60 because it’s designed like a highway) along several sections of unconnected sidewalk if you want to get there without a car. The sidewalks are 4ft wide at most and have no separation from the car lanes so you have to walk with cars whizzing by just a couple feet from you. There’s also no shade.
For reference - it takes 5 minutes to drive to the nearest grocery store 1 mile away, but walking it’s 31 minutes with the unpleasant conditions I mentioned. So I’ve never walked there. I could bike and it would take 10 minutes, but biking along cars at 50mph doesn’t sound fun. I also live on a bike path, but it doesn’t go to the nearest grocery store so the nearest one along the bike path would take the same amount of time as if I walked to the nearest one (25 minutes). That one is 3.5 miles (11min) by car or a 1hr walk.
Either that or charging a micro transaction for loading the page. But yeah the goal is to make it cost a small amount that is insignificant to a regular user but adds up to a huge amount at the scale of a spam farm. And it’s also the same rationale behind hashing passwords with multiple rounds. It adds a tiny lag when you log in correctly but adds an insane amount of work if you’re checking every phrase in a password cracking dictionary using an offline attack because it adds up. (In the online scenario you just block them after a few attempts)